Legal Translation Guideline, Explained by a Lawyer: “Including but not limited to”

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today’s global business environment, many Korean companies enter into contracts with foreign buyers or vendors in English. Accurate understanding and translation of English contracts are crucial in this process. Since the terms in a contract have legal binding power, translating them involves more than just converting languages. It requires considering the precise meaning and legal context of each term. Today, we’ll look at the term ‘Including but not limited to,’ frequently used in contracts, and how it should be translated in legal documents.


✅ Importance and Translation of the Term “Including but not limited to”

Including but not limited to‘ is one of the terms frequently used in contracts but rarely encountered in everyday English. This term means “below” or “after this,” and it is used to clearly define and repeatedly reference specific terms or parties within a document. In contracts, it helps prevent confusion by specifying terms or parties that will be referred to consistently throughout the document.

“The Seller shall compensate the Buyer all costs of cancellation charges including but not limited to third party purchaser penalties and liabilities, bank costs.”

The phrase “including but not limited to” is followed by gerunds (verbs ending in -ing) or nouns, and it can be interpreted as “including, but not limited to.” In simpler terms, it can be translated as “including, among others” or “including, but not exclusively.” A similar phrase used in this context is “including without limitation.

Applying this to the example above:

🇰🇷 In Korean: “매도인은 제3자 매수인의 위약금 및 채무, 은행 비용을 포함하나 이에 한정되지 않는 취소 수수료에 대한 모든 비용을 매수인에게 보상해야 한다.

Translating legal documents, especially contracts, requires meticulous attention to each term. Unlike everyday translation, legal terminology demands very specific and strict interpretation due to its nature. Terms like “including but not limited to” play a crucial role in contracts, making it essential to understand and translate them accurately.

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